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AP Biology · Free Response

AP Biology FRQ six questions, two long and four short.

Section II of the AP Biology exam is six free-response questions in 90 minutes, worth 50% of your score: two long-answer and four short-answer. Here is the format, what each type asks for, and how the rubric awards points.

Updated June 2026Part of AP FRQ & Writing Guides

The format at a glance

The six questions split into two longer ones and four shorter ones, and a simple calculator is allowed.

Questions
Six free-response questions.
Split
Two long-answer plus four short-answer.
Time
90 minutes.
Weight
50% of your total AP score.
Calculator
A four-function calculator with square root is allowed.

What each type asks

The two long questions carry the most points and lean on experiments and models.

Interpreting experimental results
Read a setup and data, then justify a conclusion the data supports.
Analyzing a model
Explain a diagram or visual model and predict what changes when a variable shifts.
Scientific investigation
Design or refine an experiment, naming the variables and a control.
Conceptual analysis and data
Apply a concept, or read a graph and explain the pattern in context.

What it tests

Questions pull from across the course: the chemistry of life, cell structure and energetics, cell communication and the cell cycle, heredity and gene expression, natural selection, and ecology. Many ask you to connect two units, such as using genetics to explain an evolutionary outcome.

Where students lose points

Restating instead of justifying
Describing the data without explaining why it supports the claim.
Vague variables
Naming an independent variable without the dependent variable or a control.
No biology reasoning
Answering with everyday logic rather than a specific biological mechanism.
Skipped math
Leaving the chi-square or rate calculation blank when the formula is provided.

How to practice

Pull the College Board released AP Biology free-response questions and grade against the official scoring guidelines, since the rubric rewards specific moves you can learn. Start with the two long questions under a timer. Once you have a raw count, the AP Biology score calculator turns it into a projected 1–5.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers — written by humans, not a chatbot.

How many FRQs are on the AP Biology exam?

Six, made up of two long-answer and four short-answer questions, in 90 minutes, worth half of your total score.

Can I use a calculator on the AP Biology FRQ?

Yes, a four-function calculator with a square-root key. A formula sheet with statistics is also provided.

What do the long AP Biology FRQs focus on?

Interpreting and evaluating experimental results, and analyzing a model or visual representation. They carry the most points.

Related

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