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AP Statistics · Reference

AP Statistics formula sheet every formula and table.

Here is the full AP Statistics formula sheet, also called the equation sheet, organized by what it actually covers — descriptive statistics, probability, and inference — plus the z, t, and chi-square tables. The College Board provides all of this on exam day, so the goal is to know which tool fits, not to memorize them.

Updated June 2026Part of AP Statistics Review

Is the formula sheet provided on the AP Statistics exam?

Yes. The official AP Statistics formula sheet and the statistical tables are provided for both the multiple-choice and free-response sections, and a graphing calculator is allowed throughout. You are not expected to memorize formulas — the exam tests whether you can choose the right procedure, run it, and interpret the result in context.

The catch is that having the formulas is not the same as knowing when to use them, which is where most points are won or lost. The version below is grouped the way the course is taught.

The AP Statistics formula sheet, by section

Every relationship you are handed on test day, with a plain-language note on when to use it.

Descriptive statistics

Sample mean: x̄ = (Σxi) / n
The average of the data.
Standard deviation: s = √[ Σ(xi − x̄)² / (n − 1) ]
Typical distance of values from the mean.
Regression line: ŷ = a + bx
The predicted response from the least-squares line.
Slope: b = r · (sy / sx)
Links the slope to the correlation.
Correlation r
Strength and direction of a linear relationship, from −1 to 1.

Probability & distributions

Addition rule: P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)
Probability that A or B happens.
Conditional: P(A | B) = P(A ∩ B) / P(B)
Probability of A given B.
Expected value: μX = Σ xi · P(xi)
The mean of a random variable.
Binomial: P(X=k) = nCk pk(1−p)n−k
With μ = np and σ = √(np(1−p)).
Geometric: P(X=k) = (1−p)k−1p
With μ = 1/p.

Inference

Standardized statistic = (statistic − parameter) / standard error
The core test-statistic form.
Confidence interval = statistic ± (critical value)(standard error)
The core interval form.
SE of a proportion = √[ p̂(1−p̂) / n ]
Standard error for a sample proportion.
SE of a mean = s / √n
Standard error for a sample mean.
Chi-square: χ² = Σ (observed − expected)² / expected
Compares observed and expected counts.

The statistical tables (z, t, and chi-square)

Alongside the formulas you get three reference tables, and knowing which one a question calls for is half the battle.

Standard normal (z) table
Cumulative probability P(Z < z) for any z-score — used with proportions and large samples.
t-distribution table
Critical values t* by degrees of freedom — used for inference about means.
Chi-square (χ²) table
Critical values by degrees of freedom — used for goodness-of-fit and two-way-table tests.

How to use the formula sheet

Treat the sheet as a map, not a crutch. In your studying, practice naming which formula and which table a problem calls for, because that judgment is exactly what the exam tests. Knowing the layout also saves time on test day.

For a faster, concept-first version that pairs each unit with its key idea and the mistake to avoid, use our AP Statistics cheat sheet, and the score calculator turns a practice raw score into a 1–5.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers — written by humans, not a chatbot.

Is the AP Statistics formula sheet provided on the exam?

Yes — the formula sheet and the z, t, and chi-square tables are provided for both sections, and a graphing calculator is allowed too.

Does the AP Statistics formula sheet include the tables?

Yes. Along with the formulas you get the standard normal (z), t-distribution, and chi-square tables.

Do I need to memorize formulas for AP Statistics?

No — they are provided. You do need to know which procedure applies, check its conditions, and interpret the result in context.

Can I use a calculator on AP Statistics?

Yes, a graphing calculator is allowed on both the multiple-choice and free-response sections.

What is the difference between the formula sheet and a cheat sheet?

The formula sheet is the official reference you are handed. A cheat sheet adds the key idea and common mistake for each unit — see our cheat sheet.

Related

Keep going.

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AP Statistics Cheat Sheet
A unit-by-unit cram chart.
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AP Statistics FRQ
How the free response is scored.
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