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AP Environmental Science · Free Response

AP Environmental Science FRQ three questions, data and design.

Section II of the AP Environmental Science exam is three free-response questions in 90 minutes, worth 40% of your score. One is calculation-heavy. A calculator is allowed. Here is the format, what each question asks, and how to keep the easy points.

Updated June 2026Part of AP FRQ & Writing Guides

The format at a glance

APES gives you three long questions, each with a different focus.

Questions
Three free-response questions.
Time
90 minutes.
Weight
40% of your total AP score.
Calculator
A four-function calculator with square root is allowed.
Question types
Design an investigation, analyze a problem and propose a solution, and a solution question with calculations.

What each question asks

The three questions are predictable, so you can rehearse the structure of each.

Design an investigation
Identify the hypothesis, the variables, a control, and how you would collect and analyze data.
Analyze and propose
Explain an environmental problem, then propose a realistic solution and justify why it works.
Calculations
Carry out multi-step math with units, often dimensional analysis on energy, pollution, or population.

What it tests

Content spans ecosystems and biodiversity, populations, land and water use, energy resources, pollution, and global change. The reading often centers on a real scenario, such as a power plant or a watershed, and asks you to reason about trade-offs.

Where students lose points

Math with no work
Reporting a number without the setup and units, which forfeits most of the calculation points.
Vague solutions
Proposing a fix without explaining the mechanism that makes it work.
Weak investigation design
Naming variables without a control or a clear measurement.
Wrong units
Mixing units mid-calculation, which is easy to do on energy and pollution problems.

How to practice

Run the College Board released AP Environmental Science free-response questions, and write out every calculation with units the way the scoring guidelines expect. Save a calculation-heavy question for a timed rep. When you have a raw count, the AP Environmental Science score calculator projects your 1–5.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers — written by humans, not a chatbot.

How many FRQs are on the AP Environmental Science exam?

Three, in 90 minutes, worth 40% of your total score. One of the three is calculation-heavy.

Can I use a calculator on the APES FRQ?

Yes. A four-function calculator with a square-root key is allowed on the entire AP Environmental Science exam.

What are the three APES FRQ types?

Designing an investigation, analyzing a problem and proposing a solution, and a solution question that requires calculations.

Related

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